干混砂漿(早期也叫干粉砂漿)通常叫水硬性水泥混合砂漿，是指經(jīng)干燥篩分處理的骨料(如石英砂)、無(wú)機(jī)膠凝材料(如水泥)和添加劑(如聚合物)等按一定比例進(jìn)行物理混合而成的一種顆粒狀或粉狀，以袋裝或散裝的形式運(yùn)至工地，加水拌和后即可直接使用的物料。又稱(chēng)作砂漿干粉料、干混料、干拌粉，有些建筑黏合劑也屬于此類(lèi)。干粉砂漿在建筑業(yè)中以薄層發(fā)揮粘結(jié)、襯墊、防護(hù)和裝飾作用，建筑和裝修工程應(yīng)用極為廣泛。

Dry mixed mortar (also known as dry powder mortar in the early days) is usually called hydraulic cement mixed mortar, which refers to a granular or powdery material made by physically mixing aggregates (such as quartz sand), inorganic cementitious materials (such as cement), and additives (such as polymers) that have been dried and sieved in a certain proportion. It is transported to the construction site in bags or bulk, mixed with water, and can be directly used. Also known as mortar dry powder, dry mix, dry mix powder, some building adhesives also belong to this category. Dry powder mortar plays a role in bonding, cushioning, protection, and decoration in the construction industry as a thin layer, and is widely used in construction and decoration projects.

由于干混砂漿存在易泌水、粘聚性差、施工時(shí)間短、粘結(jié)力不足等問(wèn)題，近些年來(lái)，粉煤灰的研究主要針對(duì)聚合物添加劑廣泛應(yīng)用于干混砂漿。

Due to the problems of easy bleeding, poor cohesiveness, short construction time, and insufficient bonding strength of dry mixed mortar, in recent years, research on fly ash has mainly focused on the widespread use of polymer additives in dry mixed mortar.

保水增稠劑被廣泛應(yīng)用于干混砂漿，用于調(diào)節(jié)砂漿的稠度、保水性等，減少砂漿泌水及水分散失，提高砂漿的可操作性。其中，纖維素醚和淀粉醚是干混砂漿中最常見(jiàn)的保水增稠材料。研究表明，纖維素醚對(duì)砂漿具有較好的保水增稠作用，然而，由于纖維素醚還會(huì)產(chǎn)生引氣效果，這將會(huì)增加硬化漿體的孔隙率，降低密實(shí)性，從而導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)度降低。淀粉醚對(duì)砂漿的增稠效果良好，且其無(wú)引氣特性，但保持性能較差。黃莉紅等認(rèn)為，若適當(dāng)將纖維素醚和淀粉醚配合使用，可達(dá)到二者優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的效果，產(chǎn)生較好的協(xié)同效應(yīng)，是保水增稠材料研究發(fā)展的方向。

Water retaining and thickening agents are widely used in dry mixed mortar to adjust the consistency and water retention of mortar, reduce mortar bleeding and water loss, and improve the workability of mortar. Among them, cellulose ether and starch ether are the most common water retaining and thickening materials in dry mixed mortar. Research has shown that cellulose ether has a good water retention and thickening effect on mortar. However, due to the air entraining effect of cellulose ether, it will increase the porosity of the hardened slurry, reduce compactness, and lead to a decrease in strength. Starch ether has a good thickening effect on mortar and has no air entraining characteristics, but its retention performance is poor. Huang Lihong and others believe that if cellulose ether and starch ether are used in combination appropriately, they can achieve complementary advantages and produce good synergistic effects, which is the direction of research and development of water retaining and thickening materials.

此外，以蒙脫石為主體礦物的膨潤(rùn)土具有優(yōu)異的吸水增稠、懸浮穩(wěn)定性，不僅對(duì)砂漿有保水增稠作用，而且對(duì)提高砂漿的抗?jié)B性能等也有幫助，具備作為預(yù)拌砂漿保水增稠礦物外加劑的潛力。何秀強(qiáng)等對(duì)纖維素醚、改性淀粉醚和鈉基膨潤(rùn)土3種保水增稠材料對(duì)再生細(xì)骨料干混砂漿性能的影響進(jìn)行了研究。

In addition, bentonite with montmorillonite as the main mineral has excellent water absorption, thickening, and suspension stability. It not only has a water retention and thickening effect on mortar, but also helps improve the impermeability of mortar, and has the potential to be used as a mineral additive for pre mixed mortar water retention and thickening. He Xiuqiang et al. studied the effects of three water retaining and thickening materials, cellulose ether, modified starch ether, and sodium based bentonite, on the properties of recycled fine aggregate dry mixed mortar.

為了響應(yīng)綠色建材的號(hào)召，從提高廢物再利用的角度出發(fā)，研究提出制作不同種類(lèi)與摻量的粉煤灰砂漿試件與普通水泥砂漿試件做和易性、抗壓強(qiáng)度、抗折強(qiáng)度等性能的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)，旨在滿足砂漿強(qiáng)度、和易性等性能前提下確定更佳粉煤灰摻量，以達(dá)到節(jié)約資源、優(yōu)化環(huán)境、節(jié)約建筑成本的目的。

In response to the call for green building materials and from the perspective of improving waste reuse, this study proposes to conduct comparative tests on the workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of fly ash mortar specimens with different types and dosages compared to ordinary cement mortar specimens. The aim is to determine the optimal fly ash dosage while meeting the requirements of mortar strength and workability, in order to save resources, optimize the environment, and save construction costs.